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Taw qhia rau cov khoom siv hnub ci

Taw qhia rau cov khoom siv hnub ci

1. Cov keeb kwm kev loj hlob ntawm lub hnub ci hlwb:

Txij xyoo 1839, thaum twg Becqueral thawj zaug pom cov nyhuv photovoltaic nyob rau hauv tshuaj hlwb, tib neeg txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv rau lub hnub ci hlwb yeej tsis nres. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub hnub ci hlwb, muaj ntau yam roj teeb ntawm cov qauv sib txawv, xws li Schottky roj teeb, M1S roj teeb MINP roj teeb; Heterojunction hlwb (xws li ITO (n) / Si (p), a-Si / c-si, Ge / Si), thiab lwm yam, nyob rau hauv uas homogeneous pn hlws ris nws thiaj li dominate. Hnub ci hlwb muaj qhov txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xws li: crystalline silicon hlwb, TOPCon hlwb, amorphous hlwb, tooj liab hlau selenium roj teeb, phaus pickaxe roj teeb, roj teeb arsenide, thiab lwm yam. cov khoom ruaj khov thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom ntawm crystalline silicon, nws tau dhau los ua cov khoom tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv lub hnub ci.

2. Kev loj hlob ntawm crystalline silicon solar cells:

Kev loj hlob ntawm crystalline silicon hlwb tau muab faib ua peb theem. Thawj theem: Hauv xyoo 1954, Tswb Labs tau tsim cov crystalline silicon cell nrog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm 6%, thiab lub sijhawm niaj hnub ntawm silicon hlwb pib. Hauv 10 xyoo tom ntej, daim ntawv thov ntawm crystalline silicon hlwb txuas ntxiv nthuav dav, thiab cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv txhim kho. Lub sijhawm thib ob pib thaum ntxov 70s, thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv ntawm lub hnub ci hlwb tau zoo heev, thiab tib lub sijhawm, hauv av thov ntawm crystalline silicon hnub ci hlwb tau nthuav dav, thiab tus nqi txuas ntxiv txo. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 90s, crystalline silicon hlwb nkag mus rau ib theem ntawm kev loj hlob sai, feem ntau yog ua kom paub qhov chaw passivation technology, txo kev sib cuag recombination nyhuv, tom qab kev kho mob los txhim kho cov cab kuj lub neej thiab txhim kho lub teeb-traping nyhuv nyob rau hauv lub manufacturing txheej txheem ntawm lub roj teeb. Cov roj teeb ua haujlwm tau zoo dua qub, cov nqi tsim khoom tau raug txo ntxiv, thiab cov ntawv thov tau nthuav dav.

3. Qhov zoo ntawm monocrystalline silicon solar cells

Txij li thaum nruab nrab-70s, crystalline silicon tau dominated raw khoom rau hnub ci hlwb. Hnub ci hlwb feem ntau muab faib ua: monocrystalline silicon cells, polycrystalline silicon cells, thiab nyias-film crystalline silicon cells. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm polycrystalline silicon hlwb tau txo cov nqi tsim khoom ntawm lub hnub ci, thiab nws cov khoom siv thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yog qhov yooj yim thiab muaj cov khoom siv tsawg. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj ntau yam tsis xws luag hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem, nws cov kev hloov pauv tau qis. Monocrystalline silicon hlwb siv high-purity silicon li raw cov ntaub ntawv, zus los ntawm cheeb tsam melting thiab purification txoj kev (FZ txoj kev) los yog lifting method (CZ method), thiab lawv qhov nruab nrab conversion efficiency yuav ncav cuag 24% sab laug-pob zeb, uas yog ntau tshaj 5%. siab dua li ntawm polycrystalline silicon solar cells.

4. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag

Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam, tus nqi ntawm monocrystalline silicon hlwb tau qis dua thiab qis dua. Nws qhov kev ua tau zoo yog qhov ruaj khov, kev hloov pauv kev ua tau zoo kuj tseem ua kom tawg, thiab nws tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau hnub ci vaj huam sib luag. Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm lub xeev physics, silicon cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog cov khoom siv photovoltaic zoo tshaj plaws. Feem ntau vim hais tias silicon yog ib tug bandgap semiconductor, nws lub teeb absorption coefficient yog tsawg, yog li kev kawm ntawm lwm yam photovoltaic cov ntaub ntawv kuj tau ua ib tug qauv. Ntawm lawv, cadmium telluride (CdTe), tooj liab indium selenium (CulnSe2), thiab perovskite raug suav hais tias yog peb cov khoom siv photovoltaic zoo heev, thiab qee qhov kev vam meej tau ua, tab sis tseem muaj txoj hauv kev mus ntev los ntawm kev tsim khoom loj thiab sib tw nrog monocrystalline silicon cells.